第二十四讲 主谓一致(二) |
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2. 含有of的短语和介宾短语做主语 1) half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, … percent of, some of, five sevenths of等短语的动词单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词或代词,即:单数名词或代词要求用单数动词;复数名词或代词用复数动词,不可数名词或代词用单数动词。 例:In our country, more than 70 percent of population is farmers.(我国人口的70%以上是农民。) Half of my spare time is spent on my hobby.(我一半的业余时间都花在我的爱好上了。) 2) a number of后面要求加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。因为前者的意思是“大量、许多、若干”,等于numbers of;后者的意思是“总数、合计”,强调的是一个数字,所以应该看成单数主语。 例:A number of criminals have been caught by the brave policewoman.(这位勇敢的女警察已经抓获了许多罪犯。) The number of criminals caught by this brave policewoman has risen up to 1200.(被这位勇敢的女警察抓获的罪犯总数已经达到1200人。) 3) a / the majority (of), a / the minority (of)这两个短语有两个特点: a) 它们后面可接单数、复数和不可数名词,相应的谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词。 b) 在具体应用中,应看作者的意图而定,如果作者要强调整体,动词用单数;作者要强调单个的个体时,谓语动词用复数,这种用法有点类似集合名词。注意:后面接的是表示选票数的名词或代词时,谓语常用单数。 例:The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue.(全国都要和平,只有少数人希望战争延续。) A majority of votes was in its favor, to show its confidence in its policy.(多数票对它有利,表示对其政策的信任。) 4) the rest(of)表示“剩余、其余”,其用法也有二: a) of后面可接单数、复数及不可数名词,相应的谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词。 b) 如果the rest表示的是剩下的东西,则谓语动词用单数;如果表示的是其余的,特别指人时,其谓语动词应该用复数。 例:The majority of students went to the lab, the rest are staying in the classroom.(多数学生去了实验室,其余的人留在教室。) 5) 当主语不止一个,且主语间由介词with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, not to mention, including, like, but, except等连接时,其谓语动词取决于前一个主语,即上述介词前的名词或代词。 例:Television, along with other means of communication, helps us to keep informed about contemporary affairs.(电视以及其它一些通讯工具帮助我们不断地知道当地发生的事情。) Our generation, more than any other generations, views the adult world with great interest.(是我们这一代人,而不是其它任何一代,怀着极大的兴趣,观察成人世界。) |
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